Kukho ngoku amazwe kunye enjalo protocols kwi ukusebenza
Yamazwe Ngamazwe Atomic Amandla i-Arhente (IAEA) Matshi ezintathu iphumeze i-ezongezelelweyo protocol ukuba i-India ke safeguards sivumelwano, ostensibly ukunikezela i-arhente kunye ngakumbi negunya lokubek esweni i-India ke civilian yenyukliya imisebenziEnew Delhi, esingekhoyo ilungu yenyukliya Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), yafikelela i - '-India ne-ethile,' kwesi sivumelwano kunye i-arhente kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuya kwindawo eminye yayo yenyukliya kumaziko phantsi safeguards xa amanye amaziko kuhlala ikhona kuba sebenzisa kuba i-India ke yenyukliya zesintu iinzame. (Bona ACT, septemba.) Ukuba isivumelwano paved indlela -ilungu Yenyukliya Abanikezeli Iqela (NSG) ukuthatha i-somthetho sokukhululwa kuba ekude iteknoloji yenyukliya ne India. (Bona ACT, oktobha.) Nangona ezongezelelweyo iprotocol ordinarily a kungokuzithandela komlinganiselo, U.S. umthetho yamkelwa ngowe- stipulated ukuba i-India kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba 'substantial inkqubela phambili esingise concluding i-ezongezelelweyo umthetho engqinelana nomthetho IAEA imigaqo, iindlela ezilungileyo, imigaqo-nkqubo ukuba ingaba isicelo i-India ke zasekuhlaleni yenyukliya lwenkqubo' phambi-United States ayikwazi azibandakanye kwi-yenyukliya urhwebo kunye India. Indian ipalamente kufuneka ratify umthetho kuba angene umkhosi. I-IAEA ne-United States kwaye nakumanye amazwe kuba befuna ukwenza umthetho omtsha esezantsi kuba safeguards. Comment ingxwaba ke ezongezelelweyo umthetho wangena umkhosi ngojanuwari. Kanye njengokuba IAEA ndagqiba i-India ne-ethile safeguards amalungiselelo kunye Enew Delhi kwi-akhawunti ye-ayo zesintu olunxulumene yenyukliya imisebenzi, ezingekhoyo kuba safeguarded, i-India ke ezongezelelweyo iprotocol markedly ezahlukileyo ukususela Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Umthetho esebenza njengoko rubric kuba abanjalo izivumelwano. amashumi amabini anesihlanu IAEA qaphela ukuba i-arhente ke Ibhodi Governors, izibonelelo idrafti ezongezelelweyo umthetho nge India ingaba ngokusekelwe umbhalo abo izibonelelo kwi-Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Umthetho apho i-India livumile.
I-qaphela wathi ukuba i-India wathumela ileta kwi-arhente ngoseptemba ebonisa amanyathelo ka-Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Protocol ukuba i-India waba ethanda yamkela kwaye ucela ukuba i-arhente lungisa idrafti umthetho ngokusekelwe abo izikhankanyi.
Nonetheless, isivumelwano i-arhente ikuvumile engaqukwanga abaninzi isitshixo izibonelelo Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Umthetho malunga uhlobo ulwazi India ingaba anike kwi-arhente kunye ukufikelela ukuba ingaba kunikelwa kwi-arhente inspectors. Phakathi izibonelelo Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Protocol on zeziphi iintlobo ezininzi ezonakeleyo imisebenzi kunye namaziko lizwe lethu ingaba ingxelo-arhente, i-India kuphela bavumelana share ulwazi yenyukliya olunxulumene kumazwe angaphandle. Ukunika ingxelo izibonelelo imodeli umthetho hayi equlethwe kule i-India ke kwesi sivumelwano phantsi ulwazi ezifana yenyukliya ipetroli amafutha-ukujonga olunxulumene uphando nophuhliso, yenyukliya olunxulumene urhwebo lwangaphakathi, kwaye uranium lokumba umgodi. Indian ezongezelelweyo umthetho kanjalo akusebenzi kuquka naliphi complementary ukufikelela izibonelelo, apho anike IAEA kunye kwezo meko igunya inspect undeclared oluntu. Ezinjalo izibonelelo kanjalo kuvumela i-arhente ukuba ukuzithwala ngaphandle yokusingqongileyo isampulu. Abaninzi izibonelelo hayi ibandakanywe Indian ezongezelelweyo umthetho ingaba intended ukubonelela i-arhente kunye kuthetha ukuba inani undeclared yenyukliya imisebenzi. Njengoko kwimeko NPT yenyukliya-isixhobo states, i-India uza kuqhubeka ukugcina undeclared yenyukliya imisebenzi ngaphandle safeguards. Kwakhona, enye protocols yamkelwa ngabanye yenyukliya-isixhobo states, kuquka i-United States, kufuneka ibandakanywe uninzi izibonelelo Imodeli Ezongezelelweyo Umthetho kunye abanye ngaphambili. Kwiindawo ezinjalo iimeko, kunokuba omit ezithile imiba eliqhelekileyo umthetho, yenyukliya-isixhobo states kuba conditioned ukufikelela ngokusekelwe wesizwe ukhuseleko exclusions. ezongezelelweyo umthetho, umzekelo, ivumela comment ingxwaba ukuba ecaleni layo ukumiselwa kwilixa ukuba ingaba 'iziphumo ukufikelela yi-arhente ukuba imisebenzi kunye ngqo wesizwe ukhuseleko significance kwi-United States. Nangona i-Indian ezongezelelweyo umthetho akusebenzi ziquka i-national ukhuseleko somthetho sokukhululwa, ikwenza siqulathe ngokubanzi somthetho sokukhululwa kuba unsafeguarded imisebenzi. Oko ichaza ukuba umthetho uza 'hayi hinder okanye ngenye indlela interfere' kunye nayiphi na yenyukliya imisebenzi ngaphandle ekhaya ka-India ke safeguards sivumelwano.
Ngowe, Enew Delhi bavumelana ndawo ishumi elinesine thermal amandla reactors phantsi IAEA ukubek'esweni, eshiya omnye isibhozo unsafeguarded.
Oko sele kanti ukubonelela i-arhente formally kunye uluhlu lwamaziko ukuba kuwa phantsi safeguards, iqhosha yokuba zilawulwe kuba eso esweni iindlela ukuba ingene ukusebenza.
