Inkqubo apho lo mba insolvency ngu igqityiwe
I-Insolvency kwaye Bankruptcy-Code of ngumzekelo ngaphezu koko, ukuba Iinkampani Umthetho wama- apho ikhowudi ngu geared ngakulo insolvent abantuOku kukuncedisa kubanjwa phantsi umzimba ka-Insolvency kwaye Bankruptcy Ibhodi kwi-India okanye IBB. Ukuba insolvent umntu ufumana umntu, ngoko ke isigqeba ngu Ityala Imali abachopheli-matyala. Ukuba insolvent umntu ufumana inkampani, ngoko ke isigqeba yi-National Inkampani umthetho abachopheli-matyala. Insolvency kwaye bankruptcy ikhowudi mthetho usayilwayo, ingaba bankruptcy umthetho ukuba consolidated yonke imithetho enxulumene insolvency kwi-India ngokudala i-omnye umthetho. Lo mthetho usayilwayo waba ophunyezwe Thoba indlu India ke ipalamente oko kukuthi Lok Sabha kwi-th Meyi kwaye wafumana ukuvunywa of Indian-mongameli kwi-th Meyi. Zombini mimiselo ekhankanywe igama lo mthetho usayilwayo ingaba enxulumene ngamnye kwezinye. Ngexesha Insolvency icacisiwe njengoko inability ka-abanamatyala, abantu okanye corporates ukuba lihlawule zabo amatyala kwesinye isandla bankruptcy kwenzeka xa abanamatyala, abantu okanye corporates ingaba wavakalisa incapable ka-repaying zabo ityala. Ngoko ke, bankruptcy nje a kulandelwe isibhengezo ka-insolvency. Ngokunxulumene-manani, phantse, bankruptcy iimeko ingaba kumiselwe kwi Indian iinkundla kwaye kuthatha. kwiminyaka emithathu kuba inkampani ukuvala phantsi imisebenzi yayo kwi-e-India. Lo mthetho usayilwayo uza ukucutha ixesha ithathwe omnye unyaka. Ngokunxulumene enye ingqokelela yamanani, i-India izintlu th kwi-Wawuphungula yokwenza oko amashishini kunye th kwi-global competitive isalathisi. Zombini wawuphungula yokwenza oko amashishini kunye yehlabathi competitive isalathisi ranking nkqubo isinye parameter ngokufanayo oko kukuthi egqiba insolvency. Umthetho kuya kunceda ekuphuculeni wawuphungula yokwenza oko ishishini yi-consolidating yonke imithetho nomngeni nge-Insolvency kwaye bankruptcy kwi omnye omnye qumrhu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lo mthetho usayilwayo uza tackle enye ingxaki ukuba sele kuba thorn enyameni ka-RBI kwaye central urhulumente oko kukuthi NPAs okanye Non-isenza impahla yexabiso. Kuba i-bank, oko kuthetha ukuba nawuphi na asethi apho hasn khange lwenziwa kuba phezu ixesha okanye ngamanye amazwi i-asethi ngomhla apho bank hasn khange wafumana naliphi na igqwetha okanye inzala phezu ixesha, idla iintsuku ezingama. Nangona kunjalo, ngokumayela kwezolimo Uphuhliso imali-mboleko, NPA icacisiwe njengoko non-repayment-mboleko umhlaba ezimbini isityalo onyaka kuba ixesha elifutshane isityalo kwaye kuba ixesha elide ixesha izityalo, ixesha lokuhlawula kumi kuba esinye isityalo emaphandleni. Kuthelekelelwa ukuba ishumi elinesithathu bonke abarhwebayo yemali-mboleko yakho yakwa apho iinkcukacha - lakh crore kwi-India ingaba NPAs. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) kwaye Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) kuba ephezulu NPA ulwalamano xa Imeko Bank ka-India (SBI) sele ephezulu isixa-mali NPAs. pile ka-NPAs unako kuba plethora ka-mngeni kuba Indian abasemagunyeni.
Inzala ingeniso sesinye umthombo wengeniso kuba abolekisa nee-arhente njenge iibhanki.
Imali-mboleko credit ukuba ngu-NPA alifumanisanga wanikezela inzala kuba ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama. Nayiphi na ilahleko kuyo Inzala intlawulo iya iziphumo ilahleko ka-bank u-ingeniso.
I-NPAs suck i-liquidity ngaphandle kwimakethi oko kuthetha ngaphantsi yokungena nokuphuma kwemali.
Oku komlinganiselo unako kuchaphazela kakubi kuqoqosho, njengoko amanye amashishini uphumelele khange bakwazi thatha imali-mboleko. Kanjalo, inqununu kusetyenziswa iimali-mboleko ngu basically depositor ke imali kwaye hayi bank ke imali. Njalo, inqununu kufuneka buyiselwa ukuze bagcine depositor ke imali intact.
I-NPA kanjalo ichaphazela ukusebenza ngempumelelo abolekisa iinkampani.
Ezisebenzayo kukuba nako le inkampani aukubuyisela inqununu kwaye earn inzala njengoko kuthelekiswa zabo iintanga.
NPAs unako kuba beka endaweni yenye ukusebenza ngomhla ezincinane iibhanki.
Ezincinane iibhanki sebenzisa ka-low eyinkunzi infusion kwaye liquidity. Ngaphezulu i-NPAs, ngaphantsi i-liquidity kwaye eyinkunzi inflow. Lo mba ayikwazanga ukufumana aggravated kwimeko na kwezoqoqosho upheaval okanye downturn. Oku ayikwazi kukhokelela nigeria ka-iibhanki njengoko ezincinane iibhanki uphumelele khange bakwazi kuma ngokuchasene naziphi na kwezoqoqosho upheaval okanye downturn. Phambi kokuba lo mthetho, liquidation iinkampani waba kuphethwe phantsi ezahlukeneyo imithetho efana Abagulayo-Mveliso Iinkampani Act, Yowiso-Insolvency Act, Iinkampani Umthetho, kwaye Imali ka-amatyala ngenxa iibhanki kwaye mali Amaziko Act, Yowiso-Insolvency Act, njl-njl. Imithetho kwi-British era ukuba bohlwaywe ngamnye kuthi zenziwe negalelo sele leqela le nkqubo. Kanjalo, overlapped kolawulo ezahluka-hlukileyo-mandla njenge ephakamileyo, NCLT (National Inkampani Umthetho Inkundla), Ityala Imali Isigqeba slowed phantsi ityala imali nkqubo. Oku ugqityo ka-imithetho overlapping ophantsi kolawulo yayiyenye engundoqo kwimithombo iingxaki kuba iibhanki aukubuyisela zabo iimali-mboleko. Lo mthetho usayilwayo ufuna ukwakha omtsha iklasi ka-insolvency iingcali (IPs) ukuba ingaba ukunceda abagulayo iinkampani. Kanjalo advocates ekudalweni ulwazi izinto eziluncedo (IUs) ukuba uza qokelela udwelise ngokwendlela zonke iinkcukacha malunga kuthi. Lo mthetho usayilwayo advocates i-ekumiseleni ka-Insolvency kwaye bankruptcy ibhodi ukuba uza ukulawula kunye IPs kwaye IUs. National Inkampani Umthetho abachopheli-matyala (NCLT) iya mthetho njengoko negotiating igunya kwaye yaba uza amatyala kunye insolvency, bankruptcy inkqubo liquidation iinkampani ngexesha kwesinye isandla Ityala Imali abachopheli-matyala (DRT) iya mthetho njengokuba negotiating igunya kuba abantu. I-insolvency proceeding iya kuba initiated yi-NCLT DRT emva ukuqinisekisa i-amabango ye-initiator. I-insolvency iingxoxo kusenokuba initiated nanguye nawuphi na stakeholder: debtor, umsebenzi njl.
Iinkampani uza react le yi ossifying credit imigaqo-nkqubo
Xa liquidation inkqubo iqala, ngoko ke liquidation ka-debtor ke impahla yexabiso ngu kwambatha bamba.
NCLT DRT uya ke atyumbe i Interim isisombululo elinolwazi (ukuxhasa i-irp) njengoko ezicetywayo yi-lender othe initiated yeenkqubo.
Ukuxhasa i-irp ngoko uza kuthabatha phezu reins le inkampani njengoko ibhodi abalawuli kuma ugxothiwe.
Ngeli xesha i-irp yama-unako atyumbe iingcali, accountants okanye isemthethweni ingcaphephe ukuba amncedise kulo ukuqhuba inkampani. Ukuxhasa i-irp uza uqinisekise amabango bonke creditors, get yokungena nokuphuma kwemali kwi-ulawulo, bizani intlanganiso Ikomiti yebhunga Creditors (CoC) kwi-th umhla ekubeni wonyulwa njengoko ukuxhasa i-irp. Ngomhla we-intlanganiso yokuqala, CoC uza malunga nokuba ngaba kuqhubeka nge efanayo ukuxhasa i-irp okanye atyumbe umntu omtsha RP (Isisombululo elinolwazi) nge- uninzi votes. Ukuba inkampani lugqiba ukuba kuzigcina ukuxhasa i-irp, wathi yena uya kuba kuhlangatyezwana njengoko RP. I-RP uza aphande ushishino yinxalenye iingxoxo, ukuphuhlisa-code of zokuziphatha, elinolwazi imigangatho ngexesha Ulwazi izinto eziluncedo (IUs) iya kuqokelela, ukuqinisekisa, qokelela udwelise ngokwendlela-mali iinkcukacha ukuze isetyenziswe kwi-iingxoxo.
I-RP ngoko uza kuncedisa i-CoC ekulungiseleleni i-restructuring inkqubo ukuba ayikwazi mhlawumbi kuba liquidation ka-impahla i inkampani okanye revised intlawulo sicwangciso.
Kuba iinkampani, restricting nkqubo kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye ikuvumile zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama- kwaye omnye-ixesha ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano iintsuku ezingama- ukuba kunjalo imbaxa kwaye kuba ukuqala-ups, incinci iinkampani i-isisombululo nkqubo kufuneka gqiba yi-iintsuku ezingama- kwaye ayikwazi kwandiswa yi-amane anesihlanu imihla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isisombululo isicwangciso asikwazanga kufumana ukuvunywa ka-CoC nkqu emva eyandisiweyo angama- imihla (eyandisiweyo imihla) okanye isisombululo isicwangciso ngu asivunywanga yi-NCLT okanye DRT kwi community emidlalo, ngoko ke impahla corporate abanamatyala ingaba sifakwe kwi-liquidation nkqubo. Kuzo izindlu kunye real estate ngokutsha, umthetho oyilwayo iindawo i-beleaguered indlu abanini-mhlaba, abo invested kule projekthi, kwi nani liphantsi ukubaluleka ka-creditors emva mali amaziko, ancillary ishishini lenders. Ngoko ke, ufumana ingqumbo ka-Supreme Inkundla abo instructed i-central urhulumente ukuba aphande mba. Ngexesha lokuqala ezintandathu mthetho uyilwayo ke ukumiselwa, ka-insolvency proceeding bahlutha yi-unsecured zokusebenza creditors kwaye hayi yi-mali creditors.
Kukho uncertainty ka-ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo norms kuba iibhanki kwaye uloyiko scrutiny yi-norhwaphilizo uphando nee-arhente kunye nezinye imizimba phakathi bank yolawulo.
Umthetho akuthethi ukuba unayo nayiphi na izibonelelo malunga synergy phakathi Indian kwaye langaphandle iinkundla phezu lo mba overseas insolvency iingxoxo. Umthetho favors excessive urhulumente iqinisekisa malunga idinga, ukuphelisa, kwaye scrutiny ka-Insolvency iingcali.
Ngaphezulu autonomy kufuneka kunikwe NCLT DRT.
Oku kuza hayi kuphela susa excessive urhulumente iqinisekisa kodwa kuza kuthintela i-politicization ka-NCLT DRT.
Urhulumente, ukuze akhusele inzala ka-beleaguered homebuyers, kufuneka komhlaba lo mthetho usayilwayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko a idiphozithi ukususela umzali inkampani ye-defaulting inkampani, ukumisela bucala ebalulekileyo sum ukusuka lokuqala liquidation inkqubo okanye treating beleaguered homebuyers kwi-mat kunye phezulu okanye eliphakathi ukubaluleka creditors unako kuba izizathu ezinokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki. Okhethekileyo injongo isithuthi (SPV) basenokuba promulgated phantsi kolawulo Insolvency kwaye bankruptcy ibhodi. Injongo yeli SPV izakuba asebenze njengonobhala coordinator phakathi Indian kwaye langaphandle iinkundla phezu lo mba overseas insolvency iingxoxo. Ikomiti iquka wezemali unobhala, retired Supreme Inkundla umgwebi kwaye Oyintloko cum Ukulawula Umlawuli (CMD) ibhanki kufuneka bamisela ukuze aphande uncertainty ka-ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo norms kuba iibhanki kwaye nkxalabo i-bank ulawulo izahlulo malunga scrutiny yi-norhwaphilizo uphando nee-arhente kunye nezinye imizimba phakathi bank yolawulo.
ukuba oku landmark mthetho usayilwayo uza kuba ebalulekileyo nefuthe ekuphuculeni ilizwe ke ishishini-bume.
Njengoko urhulumente misela-asides i ambitious ekujoliswe ka-france kwi phezulu amahlanu rankings ka-wawuphungula yokwenza oko ushishino, lo mthetho usayilwayo ingaba kuqinisekisa ukuba i-India ithetha ishishini. Nangona kunjalo, abanye ngasentla-kukhankanywe imiba ayikwazi damper umoya mthetho uyilwayo. Urhulumente kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ngasentla loopholes ingaba isuswe libhunga reforming lo mthetho usayilwayo, ngoko ke ukuba sheen mthetho uyilwayo akuthethi ukuba get dampened.
