Ubhala isincoko uza kuyacetyiswa kwi-Islam
Njengoko engundoqo imvelaphi Islamic umthetho, i-Quran sichaza ngokubanzi izikhokelo kuba Muslims ukulandela xa-hlulo ilifa a mntu ubhubhileyo ehambelanayoI-formulas ebolekiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwi isiseko isidima, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo ngamnye ilungu losapho. Kwi-Muslim amazwe, usapho inkundla umgwebi angenza isicelo i-ifomula ngokunxulumene eyodwa usapho makeup kwaye iimeko. Kwi-non-Muslim amazwe, ngokulila relatives ingaba rhoqo ekhohlo ukuya nani ngayo ngaphandle ngomhla kwezabo, kunye okanye ngaphandle ingcebiso ka-Muslim namalungu oluntu kwaye iinkokeli. I-Quran kuphela iqulathe ezintathu iivesi ukuba banike ethile, izikhokelo kwi-lifa (Isahluko se, iivesi, abalishumi elinesibini kwaye). Ulwazi kwezi iivesi, kunye iindlela ezilungileyo Omprofeti Muhammad, vumela bale mihla scholars sebenzisa kwezabo beqiqa ukwkunyeisa umthetho kwi inkcukacha. Jikelele imigaqo ingaba njengokulandelayo: Njengoko kunye nezinye nezomthetho, phantsi Islamic umthetho, lo mntu u-estate, kufuneka kuqala kusetyenziswa ukuhlawula funeral inkcitho, amatyala, nezinye iimbopheleleko. Yintoni omzimba, ngoko ke, umahlule phakathi ziindlalifa zobukumkani. into yokuba shiya, emva na bequest babe kuba wenza, okanye ityala". Umprofeti Muhammad xa wathi:"ngumsebenzi i-Muslim othe nantoni na ukuze bequeath hayi makhe obubini okokuba ngaphandle yokubhala a uza"(Bukhari).
Njalo, kunye amadoda nabafazi babe ilifa
Ingakumbi kwi-non-Muslim amazwe, Muslims ingaba advised ukubhala a ndiya aqeshe igosa obhalwe phantsi ukuze abe ilifa, kwaye enze ukuba babe nomdla wabo ilifa ukuba abe zihanjiswe ngokunxulumene Islamic izikhokelo. Kubalulekile kananjalo advisable kuba Muslim abazali ukuba onyule umgcini ngokusemthethweni kuba encinci abantwana, kunokuba yokuxhomekeka kumanzi kwi-non-Muslim iinkundla ukwenza njalo. Ukuya kwi-one-wesithathu we iyonke impahla yexabiso zibe bucala ukulungiselela intlawulo a bequest omnye ke oyikhethileyo. I-abaxhamli ezinjalo a bequest akavumelekanga ukuba abe"fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani"- amalungu osapho abo bafumana ilifa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokunxulumene izahlulo kuchazwe kwi-Quran (bona ngezantsi). Eyenza bequest ukuba umntu abo sele inherits a fixed share ingaba unfairly yandisa isabelo ukuba umntu phezu kwabanye. Omnye unakho, nangona kunjalo, bequest abantu abakhoyo na omnye fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani, abanye abantu amaqela, charitable organizations, njalo-njalo.
Lwesiqu bequest ayikwazi zingaphezu omnye anesithathu ye-estate, ngaphandle unanimous imvume evela bonke abaseleyo fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani, ukususela zabo izahlulo ingaba kufuneka ibe ukuphumela ngokufanelekileyo.
Phantsi Islamic umthetho, onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ingakumbi unqwenela, kufuneka witnessed. Umntu othe inherits ukusuka umntu azinako ingqina ukuba loo mntu u-uza, njengoko kunjalo ungquzulwano inzala. Kucetyiswa ukulandela imithetho yakho ilizwe indawo xa drafting a uza ngoko ke, kuya kuba yamkelwe iinkundla emva yakho ekufeni. Emva iyabala kuba personal bequests, i-Quran explicitly mentions ezithile vala amalungu osapho abo bafumana ilifa a fixed share ye-estate. Phantsi akukho iimeko unako ezi abantu kukhanyelwa zabo fixed share, kwaye ezi zixamali kuqala ngokwendlela ngqo emva zokuqala ezimbini kukho amanyathelo athatyathwayo (izibophelelo kwaye bequests). Akunakwenzeka kuba ezi amalungu osapho ukuba abe"sika"ngaphandle a iza ngenxa yabo amalungelo ingaba kuchazwe kwi-Quran kwaye ayikwazi kuthatyathwa bamkiswe nokuba usapho dynamics."Fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani"ingaba vala amalungu osapho kuquka umyeni, umfazi, unyana, intombi, uyise, nonina, utatomkhulu, grandmother, ngokupheleleyo umntakwabo, ngokupheleleyo udade, kwaye ezahlukeneyo ileta-nabantakwethu. Ezizodwa ukuba oku ezenzekelayo,"fixed"ilifa ziquka disbelievers - Muslims musa ilifa yokungasebenzi-Muslim relatives, akukho mcimbi njani vala, usekela kamongameli kwelinye icala.
Kanjalo, umntu lowo ufunyenwe benetyala ka-homicide (mhlawumbi intentional okanye unintentional) akayi kufumana ilifa lobomi ukusuka mntu ubhubhileyo.
Oku ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba discourage abantu ukusuka committing yolwaphulo-mthetho ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo financially. Isabelo ukuba umntu ngamnye inherits kuxhomekeke umthetho nto kuchaziwe kwisahluko ezine i-Quran. Oko kuxhomekeke iqondo ngokunxulumene, kwaye inani ezinye fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani. Olu xwebhu sichaza ukwahlulwa impahla yexabiso njengoko kunjalo practiced phakathi Komzantsi Afrika Muslims. Kuba uncedo kunye ethile, iimeko, kubalulekile wise to ukubonisana umtshutshisi abo specializes kule umba Muslim usapho umthetho wakho kweli lizwe. Kukho kanjalo-intanethi bala (bona ngezantsi) ukuba bazame ngokwenza lula izibalo. Xa izibalo zenziwa kuba fixed ziindlalifa zobukumkani, ilifa linokuba eseleyo ungqinelwano. Ilifa, ngoko ke, ezinye umahlule"residual ziindlalifa zobukumkani"okanye ngaphezulu distant relatives. Ezi zingabandakanya oomakazi, uncles, nieces, kwaye nephews, okanye ezinye distant relatives ukuba akukho ezinye abahlala vala relatives bahlala. I-Quran ngokucacileyo states:"Abantu baya kuba share na abazali, kwaye kinsfolk sishiya, nabafazi baya kufumana share na abazali, kwaye kinsfolk sishiya"(i-Quran:).
Sicwangciso bucala iziqephu ilifa kuba abafazi yaba revolutionary unye ngalo ixesha layo.
Kwi-yamandulo Arabia, njenge kwi-amaninzi amanye amazwe, abafazi baba mbasa yinxalenye yento kwaye baba ngokwabo ukuba abe usharedi phakathi purely indoda ziindlalifa zobukumkani.
Eneneni, kuphela oyena mdala unyana osetyenziselwa ilifa yonke into, depriving onke amanye amalungu osapho na onokuyaba.
I-Quran abolished ezi unjust iindlela ezilungileyo kwaye oku kubandakanya abafazi njengoko inheritors. Kubalulekile commonly ezaziwayo kwaye misunderstood ukuba"ibhinqa efumana ileta into a indoda efumana"kwi-Islamic ilifa. Oku phezu-simplification ignores eziliqela ebalulekileyo amanqaku. I-intshona kwi-izahlulo kuba ngakumbi ukwenza kunye amaqondo osapho ngokunxulumene, kwaye inani inheritors, kunokuba elula indoda vs. ibhinqa bias I-ivesi ukuba uchaza"share kuba indoda no ukuba ezimbini females"kwenziwa kuphela xa abantwana inheriting ukusuka zabo mntu ubhubhileyo abazali. Ngamanye iimeko (umzekelo, abazali inheriting ukusuka mntu ubhubhileyo umntwana), izahlulo ingaba ngokulinganayo umahlule phakathi males kwaye females. Scholars kuwazisa ukuba ngaphakathi uzalise kwezoqoqosho inkqubo Islam, icacile kuba umntakwabo ukufumana phinda kabini izahlulo yakhe udade, njengoko enjalo ekugqibeleni eliphathiswe kwayo kunyaka-mali yokhuseleko. Umntakwabo ulindeleke ukuba ukuchitha abanye ukuba imali ngomhla wakhe udade u-upkeep kwaye care lona ilungelo yena sele ngokuchasene naye ukuba unako unyanzeliswe Islamic iinkundla. Kubalulekile isidima, ngoko ke, ukuba wakhe share ufumana amakhulu.
Kucetyiswa kuba Muslims ukuqwalaselwa elide, ngokuqhubekayo izenzo uthando kulo lonke ubomi babo, hayi nje ulinde kude kube sekupheleni ukuze wabe nokuba imali ibe ezikhoyo.
Umprofeti Muhammad kwaba kanye wabuza,"Apho uthando lwenene lelona superior kwi umvuzo wabo."Waphendula: lwenene apho unikeza ngaphandle ngexesha ufaka impilo entle kwaye ayoyika yobuhlwempu kwaye unqwenela ukuba baba wealthy. Musa ukulibazisa yona kwixesha approaching ukufa kwaye ngoko ke ndithi, 'Nika ngoko ke kakhulu ukuba ngoko ke, i-ngoko ke, kwaye ngoko ke kakhulu ukuba njalo-njalo. Akukho mfuneko linda kude kube sekupheleni omnye ke ubomi phambi distributing ubutyebi ukuba charitable isenza, abahlobo, okanye relatives naluphi na uhlobo.
Ngexesha lakho lifetime, yakho ubutyebi zibe wachitha nangona kunjalo kufuneka ibone.
Kubalulekile kuphela emva kokufa, kwi-uza, ukuba isixa-mali yi-capped ngexesha elinye ezintathu ye-estate ukuze akhusele amalungelo legitimate ziindlalifa zobukumkani.
