Zasekuhlaleni amalungelo isiqinisekiso ka no loluntu amathuba kunye no umyalelo wokhuselo phantsi komthetho, nokuba ngokobuhlanga, inkolo, okanye ezinye personal iimpawu
Imizekelo zasekuhlaleni amalungelo kuquka ilungelo lokuvota, ilungelo enobulungisa yovavanyo, ilungelo karhulumente iinkonzo, ilungelo woluntu imfundo, kwaye unelungelo sebenzisa karhulumente kumaziko.
Zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ingaba i-kubalulekile ingxenye lwentando yesininzi xa abantu bamele ekubeni saliwe amathuba inxaxheba kwezopolitiko society, ngabo ke wakhanyela zabo zasekuhlaleni amalungelo. Kwi-umahluko wabemi liberties, eziya nokukhululeka ukuba ingaba secured ngokuthi bafakwe restraints kwi-government, zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ingaba secured ngu dibanisa urhulumente intshukumo, rhoqo ifomu wepalamente. Zasekuhlaleni amalungelo imithetho umzamo isiqinisekiso epheleleyo kunye no ubumi kuba abantu abathe traditionally sele discriminated ngokuchasene ngokusekelwe abanye iqela uphawu. Xa ukunyanzeliswa zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ufunyenwe ngabaprofeti abaninzi ukuba abe inadequate, zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba babe zivela, ukuze bizani no-aplikeshini ye-imithetho ngaphandle-calulo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amalungelo concepts, ezifana yamalungelo oluntu okanye yendalo amalungelo, apho abantu bathenge amalungelo inherently, mhlawumbi evela Kuthixo okanye indalo, zasekuhlaleni amalungelo kufuneka kunikwa kwaye guaranteed ngamandla omoya state. Ke ngoko, baye vary kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkcubeko, kwaye ifomu karhulumente kwaye bakholisa ukuba balandele societal ngoko ukuba condone okanye abhor iintlobo-calulo. Umzekelo, zasekuhlaleni amalungelo homosexuals kuba kuphela kutshanje kufika forefront opolitiko ngxoxo-mpikiswano kwezinye Western democracies. Zasekuhlaleni amalungelo politics e-United States sele yayo iingcambu kwi-yokuhamba-hamba ukuze end nokucalulwa Afrika Americans. Nangona ubukhoboka waba abolished, owayesakuba baba ngamakhoboka officially wanika amalungelo ezopolitiko emva Zasekuhlaleni Imfazwe, uninzi Southern states Afrika Americans waqhubeka ukuba abe systematically disenfranchised kwaye ayifakwanga kwi-wonke ubomi, ezikhokelela nabo babe perpetual yesibini-iklasi abemi. Yi-s i-marginalization ka-African Americans, rhoqo ethabatha i kakhulu violent ifomu, waba spurred a loluntu yokuhamba-hamba ka-epic proportions.
I-i-american zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba, ezisekelwe kakhulu kwi-Afrika i-american amabandla kwaye colleges ye emzantsi Afrika, obandakanyekayo marches, boycotts, kwaye kofakwano iinzame zasekuhlaleni disobedience, ezifana hlala-ins, ngokunjalo voter imfundo kwaye voting drives.
Uninzi lwezi iinzame baba wobulali kwi-ekhaya, kodwa ifuthe waye waziva kwi-national inqanaba a imodeli ka-zasekuhlaleni amalungelo organizing ukuba sele ukusukela kunabela zonke phezu iglobhu. Kwi-s Roman Catholic-wakhokela zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba kwi-mongolia waba iphenjelelwe nge iziganeko e-United States. Layo lokuqala ugqaliso waba besilwa unelungelo gerrymandering ukuba bebe securing unyulo kuba Protestant unionists. Kamva, internment ka-Catholic activists yi-British urhulumente sparked zozibini zasekuhlaleni disobedience phulo kwaye ngakumbi ngokugqibeleleyo izicwangciso ye-Irishname Republican Umkhosi (IRA). High-inkangeleko zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba kwakhokelela end Yomzantsi Afrika inkqubo ubuzwe segregation eyaziwa njenge wengcinezelo. Ngaba ucinga yokuhamba-hamba waqalisa kwi-s kwaye intensified kwi-s kwaye 's, xa zasekuhlaleni amalungelo njengokuba ingcamango waba sweeping i-iglobhu, kodwa oko waba banyanzeleka phantsi komhlaba njengoko uninzi yayo iinkokeli baba imprisoned, kwaye akazange regain ukomelela ade. Ngamazwe koxinzelelo zidibene kunye yangaphakathi upheaval kwakhokelela eventual lifting ye-ban kwi-African National Congress, eyona nto umntu omnyama Emzantsi Afrika, kwaye khupha entolongweni ka-Nelson Mandela ngowe. Mandela kamva waba wokuqala omnyama umongameli Womzantsi Afrika, ngo. A ngaphezulu nje yokuhamba-hamba ukuba ingaba abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo iingxenye ukuba zombini i-american zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba kwaye i-South African umzabalazo wenkululeko ngokuchasene wengcinezelo ngu zasekuhlaleni disobedience kwaye ezopolitiko unyaka wonke ye-Dalits kwi-e-India. I-Dalits formerly eyaziwa ngokuba 'untouchables' kwaye ngoku officially libeke Scheduled Castes eyiyo abanye omnye-sixth of Indian abantu behlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kuba centuries baye banyanzeleka ukuba ukuphila njengoko yesibini-iklasi abemi, kwaye abaninzi bengengabo nkqu mbasa ukuba ibe yinxalenye India ke varna inkqubo yezentlalo asivunywanga. Dalit unyaka wonke kukhokelele omkhulu victories, kuquka unyulo Kochari Raman Narayanan ukuba wobumongameli. Yokuba umongameli we-India inyulelwa yipalamente, egama amalungu kuza principally ukususela ephezulu castes, underlines kangakanani le mentality itshintshile. Ukongeza kwezi ngamazwe movements, abaninzi amaqela e-United States zithe iphenjelelwe yi-kwimpumelelo lomthetho i-american zasekuhlaleni amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba ekulweni kuba urhulumente protections, kunye varying amaqondo ka-impumelelo. Uninzi iqwalaselekile, abafazi, ekubeni wazuza ilungelo lokuvota kwi- nge wotshintsho lomgaqo-siseko, kananjalo kufuneka zenziwe ezininzi uzuza kummandla yengqesho amalungelo. I-wamakhosikazi wenze njalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele lumisiwe elifutshane lokwaluka ye-No Amalungelo Sihlomelo, apho kuya kufuneka codified no amalungelo kuba abafazi kwi-U.S.-Siseko. Ukususela yayo ukusilela kuba ratified ngowe, abafazi ndakubona ezininzi uzuza kwi-zeenkundla ukuba ruled ngokuchasene ngesondo-calulo kwaye ndakubona ukuphunyezwa komthetho ezifana Zasekuhlaleni Amalungelo Act ka, apho wamisa ikhomishini esele yenzelwe aphande persistence le"glass ceil"ukuba sele prevented abafazi phambili ukusuka phezulu ulawulo izikhundla emsebenzini. Nezinye amaqela ngabona ugqaliso ka-zasekuhlaleni amalungelo movements ukususela s. Congress ophunyezwe-Indian Zasekuhlaleni Amalungelo Mthetho. Latinos kwaye Asian Americans walwa ukwanda zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ngokusekelwe a imbali-calulo phezu yobuhlanga, inkolo, ulwimi, kwaye immigrant isimo.
Kwakukho abanye kwimpumelelo ukwimo izibonelelo kuba bilingual imfundo kwaye affirmative action iinkqubo.
Ngaphezulu kutshanje, Arab Americans kwaye homosexuals wathabatha umbindi iqonga kwi-umzabalazo ukuze no ukukhuselwa kunye no ithuba kwi-i-american society. Emva terrorist olubulalayo ka-ngoseptemba, Arab Americans intlungu ukusuka oluphakamileyo amanqanaba-calulo kwaye hate yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye kwafuneka conform kwi-nkqubo karhulumente ukuba enomda zabo liberties, njengoko codified kwi-controversial USA PATRIOT Act ka. I-homosexual amalungelo yokuhamba-hamba made abanye eyona uzuza kwi-emva kwexesha s kwaye kwangoko s. Abanye states vumela efanayo-ngesondo umtshato, kwaye abanye isibonelelo izibonelelo efanayo-ngesondo zasekuhlaleni partnerships, kodwa kukho mixed wesizwe uluvo lwakhe malunga nokuba homosexuals kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba enye. Kwi-jikeleziso ukuba ezi okwenzeke, abanye loluntu conservatives kwi-U.S.
lanyanzelisa a wotshintsho lomgaqo-siseko banning gay umtshato.
Phantse zonke izizwe ukuphakanyiswa bakhanyela zasekuhlaleni amalungelo abanye minority amaqela.
Ngenxa zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ingaba isetyenzisiwe yi-izizwe, kunzima ukuseka i-ngamazwe esezantsi kuba zasekuhlaleni amalungelo umyalelo wokhuselo, nangona iinzame ngamazwe ulawulo imizimba ezifana ezimanyeneyo.
I-inkcazo-Jikelele ngeemfanelo zoluntu, esibizwa yamkelwa yi-Jikelele yowiso-mthetho ezimanyeneyo ngowe, kuquka zasekuhlaleni amalungelo ulwimi kodwa ayikho ezibophelelayo ilungu states. Zasekuhlaleni amalungelo bakholisa ukwandisa njengoko oorhulumente bazive koxinzelelo, noba kwi-national movements okanye ezinye izizwe, ukuze enact tshintsha. Thina wamkelekile wacebisa gama kwi na zethu amanqaku Uyakwazi ukwenza lula kuthi ukuba uhlolo kwaye, ngethemba, apapashe yakho igalelo yi-ukugcina ambalwa amanqaku engqondweni. Yakho igalelo zibe ngaphezulu edited yi-zethu abasebenzi, kwaye yayo upapasho ngu ngokulawulwa yethu yokugqibela ukuvunywa. Ngelishwa, bethu editorial indlela ingabi nako accommodate yonke imirhumo. Abahleli bethu baya kovavanyo ntoni anayithathela ayingenisileyo, kwaye ukuba ke meets zethu nkqubo, siza macla inqaku. Nceda qaphela ukuba zethu abahleli inokwenza abanye ufomato utshintsho okanye ulungise upelo okanye grammatical iimpazamo kwaye babe kanjalo ukunxibelelana nawe ukuba nawuphi na clarifications ziyafuneka.
